Was William Shakespeare an Author? Essay -- Biography Biographies Essa

Was William Shakespeare an Author?      Ã‚  Ã‚   "That every word doth almost tell my name / Showing their birth, and where they did proceed..." Some might say that this quote from Sonnet 76 eloquently expresses the narrator's desire to be heard. This is a normal enough emotion to have. In today's society, people will fight behemently for that right. In Elizabethan times, however, to be heard was not a right at all, but a privilege. The queen, Elizabeth I, had the power to silence any opposition. One could easily see how a verse like the above example could find its inspiration. Some would argue that, with the necessary information, one could just as easily see a darker purpose uncovered, William Shakespeare: Did he exist? There is no doubt of that. Was he responsible for the greatest poetry and prose the English-speaking world has ever known? That, it would appear, is a greater mystery than one would initially think. I intend to search for the answer to the question: Was William Shakespeare responsible for the writing s traditionally attributed to him?    When I first became aware of this debate, I was skeptical. Who wouldn't be? A 400-year old conspiracy theory always invokes doubt, especially one of this caliber. The plays and poetry of William Shakespeare are frequently called the greatest writings of the English language. The Guiness Book of World Records, using only his plays and poetry or the word count, lists him as the man with the largest vocabulary. How then can these works be attributed to the son of a glove maker with no formal education? This is the backbone of the debate raging through the literary world today. Stratfordians, the people who hold to the traditional view, have no real answers. Oxfordians, however... ... Haugen, Peter. (1997, April 20). Who wrote Hamlet? [Online] http://www.sacbee.com/leisure/goingout/theater/hamlet.htm. Kathman,Dave, and Terry Ross. (1997) Shakespeare authorship. [Online] http://www.bepl.net/~tross/ws/will.html Kelly, Kathleen. (1997, April 25). The bard by any other name. . . [Online] http://www.dailycal.org/archive/04.25.97/feat/shakespeare.html McFarlan, Donald, ed. (1990, April). Guinness book of world records. New York, NY: Bantam. Shaking the spear. (1997, February 18) [Online] http://hhs.stcharles.k12.la.us/mypages/devere.htm Sim, Kevin. (1992, December 22). The Shakespeare mystery. Frontline. Stevens, John Paul. (1992, April 4). Shakespeare canon of statutory construction. [Online] http://www.shakespeare-olford.com/stevens.htm William Shakepeare: the complete works. (1998). New York, NY: Dorset Press.

Identify Determinants Of Stress Education Essay

The aim of this survey is to place determiners of emphasis among primary and secondary school instructors in Malaysia. There are five independent variables in this survey which are instructors ‘ work load, pupil behaviour, professional acknowledgment, hapless schoolroom resources, and hapless co-worker dealingss. These independent variables are used to prove the dependant variable, which is the instructors emphasis. Survey method is to be used in this survey to roll up informations and convenience sampling is the chosen sampling technique. This survey will be conducted by administering a entire figure of 240 study questionnaires to primary and secondary school instructors in the province of Kuala Lumpur, Perak, and Johor. After aggregation informations from the questionnaires being distributed, the informations will be key-in and analyzed by utilizing Statistical Analysis System ( SAS ) . The illative statistics which includes Pearson ‘s Correlation Analysis and Multiple Linear Regression Analysis will be used to look into the correlativity coefficient and relationship between independent variables and dependent variable. Apart from that, the consequences generated will be presented by utilizing descriptive statistics. Consequences and deductions will be farther discussed in this survey.Chapter 1Introduction1.1 Background of StudyDuring late 90s, the instruction profession is considered as a baronial occupation and it ‘s really rarely reported as nerve-racking profession. However, in these recent old ages, the instruction profession has been viewed as one of the most nerve-racking profession compared to other professions ( Ravichandran & A ; Rajendran, 2007 ) . There was a survey has been conducted among school instructors in United Kingdom, it was reported that two out of five instructors experienced emphasis compared to other businesss. The consequence besides indicates that merely one out of five workers experienced emphasis in other businesss compared to instructors ( Abdul Hadi, Naing Daud, Nordin & A ; Sulong, 2009 ) . In other survey, Atan ( 1998 ) found out that 39.7 % of the instructors were merely reasonably nerve-racking and merely 3 % of them was highly nerve-racking. In order to understand instructor ‘s function in the Education System, the doctrine of instruction should be referred. The Education System in Malaysia is based on the doctrine of instruction which aims to determine a balanced person in footings of religious, emotional, rational and physical. Making a Malaysia Society who is moral, responsible and able to lend to the harmoniousness and prosperity of society and the province is the philosophical end of instruction ( Noran, 1990 ) . Teachers are those persons who contribute to a individual ‘s development in footings of personality, mental and physical ( Noran, 1990 ) . Teachers who experiences high degree of emphasis might confront assorted effects such as low public presentation, hapless committedness, low motive and hapless quality of learning. In twelvemonth 2011, there was a study conducted in Great Britain by Health and Safety Executive through their Labor Force Survey ( LFS ) to happen out the figure of work-related unwellness due to emphasize among working people for the twelvemonth 2010/2011. The consequences showed that the entire figure of instances of emphasis in twelvemonth 2010/2011 was 400,000 out of the 1,152,000. The study besides stated that the wellness and societal service directors, instructors and societal public assistance associate professionals are those businesss with the highest rates of entire work-related emphasis in the last three old ages ( Health and Safety Executive, 2011 ) .1.2 Problem StatementPresents, going a instructor is a nerve-racking business and higher emphasis degree among instructors will impact their pub lic presentation, wellness and occupation satisfaction ( Liu, Zhou and Zeng, 2010 ) . Harmonizing to Figen Eres and Tatjana Atanasoska ( 2011 ) , instructors had the highest degree of occupational emphasis compared to other professions, such as applied scientists, physicians and others. Because of this effect, instructors are ever experiencing disappointed, burnout, and insomnia. Besides, they are more likely to vacate because of high emphasis degree on their occupation ( Nelson, J. R. , Maculan, A. , Roberts, M. L. and Ohlund, B. J. , 2001 ) . Harmonizing to Scheib ( 2003 ) , he has determined the six factors associating with emphasis among music instructors from Lakeview Glen High School, which are function struggle, function ambiguity, function overload, skill underutilized, missing of resources, and non-participation. Besides, there is another past survey explained that quality of life can besides attributable to higher emphasis degree ( Yang X.et Al, 2009 ) . However, the past surveies are merely carried out in other states instead than in Malaysia, such as in China ( Zhang & A ; Zhu, 2007 ) and United State American ( Sharon Conley & A ; Sherry A. Woosley, 2000 ) . There is shortcoming of information about factors of instructor emphasis that experienced in Malaysia. Besides, past research workers are more focussed on simple school ( D. Laugaa, N. Rascle, M. Bruchon-Schweitzer, 2008 ) and high school ( Liu, Zhou and Zeng, 2010 ) . Therefore, there is unequal information on emphasis factors among school instructors that experienced in Malaysia.1.3 Research Objectives and QuestionsGeneral Aims:The chief aim of the survey is to find the factors associating with instructors ‘ emphasis.General Question:What are the factors associated with instructors ‘ emphasis? Specific Aims: To look into the relationship between instructors ‘ work load and instructors ‘ emphasis. To look into the relationship between pupils behaviour and instructors ‘ emphasis. To look into the relationship between deficiency of professional acknowledgment and instructors ‘ emphasis. To look into the relationship between hapless co-worker relation and instructors ‘ emphasis. To look into the relationship between hapless schoolroom resources and instructors ‘ emphasis. Specific Questions: Is there a relationship between instructors ‘ work load and instructors ‘ emphasis? Is there a relationship between pupil behavior and instructors ‘ emphasis? Is there a relationship between deficiency of professional acknowledgment and instructors ‘ emphasis? Is there a relationship between hapless co-worker relation and instructors ‘ emphasis? Is there a relationship between hapless schoolroom resources and instructors ‘ emphasis?1.4 Significance of surveyThe survey provides a practical part as the consequence of this survey would supply a new information and information which can be used by educational decision makers to pull off the emphasis among instructors at primary and secondary instruction. Educational decision makers can place what do emphasis among school instructors and actuate them by fulfilling their demands. This survey besides contributes towards developing and bettering educational policy which may cut down the emphasis degree among primary and secondary school instructors.1.5 Outline of surveyChapter 1 provides an overview of the primary and secondary instruction in Malaysia. The chief purpose of the survey is to place the factors of emphasis among school instructors. It later derives the job statement, significance of survey, research aims and lineation of survey. Chapter 2 reappraisal surveies on e mphasis in the primary and secondary instruction antecedently conducted by past research workers. The dependant and independent variable used in this research were derived from the literature reappraisal and relationship between them will be discussed farther in this chapter. Chapter 3 discusses the targeted population, questionnaire development, informations aggregation and informations analysis method.Chapter 2LITERATURE REVIEW2.1 Theoretical FoundationLazarus Theory was most normally used in past surveies to research and understand about the emphasis ( Goh & A ; Oei, 1999 ) . This theory was introduced by Richard Lazarus in the twelvemonth 1966. Harmonizing to Lazarus Theory, psychological emphasis is viewed as a relationship or interaction between the persons and their nerve-racking environment that appraised as important for his or her well-being ( J. Gaaba, 2005 ) . There are two constructs in Lazarus Theory viz. cognitive assessment and header ( Lazarus, 2006 ) . Cognitive assessment is an rating of the significance of a stressor or endangering event as it related to an person ‘s wellbeing ( Andrea & A ; Robert, 2003 ) It consists of two types of assessment, which are primary and secondary assessments ( Zautra, 2006 ) . Primary assessment describes an person ‘s assessment of whether a state of affairs is irrelevant, nerve-racking or benign positive. If a state of affairs is appraised as irrelevant, the emphasis will non happen. Furthermore, it will heighten positive emotions if a state of affairs is appraised as benign positive. However, if a state of affairs is appraised as stressful, it can be classified as injury, menace and challenge ( Howard S.Friedman & A ; Roxane Cohen Silver, 2007 ) . Harm refers as existent harm or loss that has already happened. Menace is the awaited injury but non yet taken topographic point and challenge is viewed as a potency for personal addition or growing ( Pamela, Sheldon, Natalie, Stephen, 2004 ) . Secondary assessment is an rating of the controllability of the state of affairs and get bying schemes ( A. Taylor Newton & A ; Daniel N. McIntosh, 2010 ) . When an single evaluates a state of affairs as an chance as personal growing and able to place the header schemes to pull off the demands, the emphasis is perceived as a term of challenge. Conversely, when an person evaluates the state of affairs as a failure and unable to place the header schemes, the emphasis is perceived as a term of menace ( Sophie T. , Jennifer A. R. , and J. Nicole Shelton, 2009 ) . Second construct is get bying. Coping can be defined as â€Å" the individual ‘s cognitive and behavioural attempts to pull off specific internal and/or external demands that are created by nerve-racking minutess † ( Lazarus, R.S. , Folkman, S. , 1984 ) . It has two signifiers which are problem-focused header that is aimed at cut downing the beginnings of emphasis ; and emotion-focused header that is aimed at cut downing emotional impact of the emphasis ( Lazarus, 2006 ) . Lazarus Theory was widely used in similar yesteryear researches such as DeFrank ( 2012 ) , Hartney ( 2007 ) , and Christopher J. McCarthy, Richard G. Lambert, Elizabeth W. Crowe and Colleen J McCarthy ( 2010 ) . All these researches are more focal point on placing the stressor on school instructors. Besides, this theory has been used to look into the stress degree among Shanghai university pupils ( Chen, Wong, Ran & A ; Christie Gilson, 2009 ) . Furthemore, this theory besides has been used to look into the relationship between emphasis and get bying schemes among runaway young persons ( Chun, 2010 ) . In this survey, the construct of cognitive assessment are used to place the determiners of emphasis among school instructor. Coping construct is excluded because it is more concerned on how to cut down the emphasis. Therefore, this construct may non allow to place the determiner of emphasis.2.2 Review of the Prior Empirical Surveies2.2.1 Teacher StressTeacher emphasis will do negative consequence to physical, mental or emotional such as angry, nervous, concerns, high blood force per unit area, frustrated and others ( Rawls-Stromile, 2010 ) . Hammond & A ; Onikama ( 1997 ) defines emphasis as emotional and physical strain caused by our response to force per unit area from external environment. Besides, emphasis caused negative impact in taking control of our life or feeling as we going a different individual which stated by. Forty of local schools in Hong Kong were indiscriminately selected to analyze whether instructors ‘ emphasis caused negative impact in mental wellness, emotional exhaustion, deficiency of personal achievement and depersonalisation. There were 269 out of 400 questionnaires were received which stated that degree of instructors ‘ emphasis contained really high values in school ( Tang, Au, Schwarzer, & A ; Schmitz, 2001 ) . Rawls-Stromile ( 2010 ) distributed questionnaires to look into the conducive emphasis factors between simple school instructors and in-between school instructors. Ithad clearly stated that most of instructors faced emphasis by same factors even though in different degree of instruction systems. Benmansour ( 1998 ) , Dunham & A ; Varma ( 1998 ) , Kyriacou ( 2001 ) , and Pithers & A ; Soden ( 1998 ) had confirmed that learning as a high emphasis business comparison with other professions. The consequences investigated and stated that the occupation of instructors is most force per unit area comparison with some other facets of the occupations ( Zurlo, Pes, & A ; Cooper, 2007 ) .2.2.2 WorkloadHarmonizing to Hargreaves ( 1992 ) , work load means the occupation range of instructors that are required to be done in the instruction country that instructors must execute multiple undertaking which causes in decreased clip for relaxation. Harmonizing to Marzano ( 2003 ) , there were 17 research surveies of instructors ‘ work loads investigated on about 20,000 instructors in Canada, the United States, and the United Kingdom through studies or interviews. It stated that instructors ‘ stress degree increased while instructors faced over workload inclusive insufficient of clip, non-teaching responsibilities, and occupation intensification. There were 484 study participants in English senior high school instructors with Likert graduated table inquiries which consequences stated that 88 % of them are sing their work load as moderate ( 38 % ) to reasonably heavy ( 25 % ) to heavy ( 25 % ) which caused instructors ‘ emphasis increased ( Sugden, 2010 ) . Besides, study conducted in New Zealand ‘s eight public universities had resulted that 86 % and 94 % severally in both twelvemonth 2002 and 2003 had worked after hours in the hebdomad. In add-ons, 34 % and 39 % stated they had worked more than 10 hours beyond full-time which reduced the relaxation and privateness clip of instructors that caused stress degree increased daily ( Houston, Meyer, & A ; Paewai, 2006 ) .2.2.3 Student behaviorStudent behavior agencies will impact contributes to the success of other pupils or a school ( Ueda & A ; Nojima, 2012 ) . Stebbins ( 1971 ) stated that pupil behavior is the major factor affected the effectivity of the instructor ‘s instruction program or a pupil ‘s ability to larn. The study carried out with 817 public and 240 private schools and norm of 25 eighth-grade pupils was selected from each school which for examined pupils behaviour. It resulted that pupil misbehavior will disrupt the instruction procedure which caused increased in instructor ‘s emphasis because instructors unable to pull off and command the category ( Finn, Fish, & A ; Scott, 2008 ) . There was study distributed to100 schoolroom instructors who worked in state-funded schools that child between 4 to 11 old ages old. The consequence clearly identified pupils ‘ misbehavior contained high per centums in school which increased instructors ‘ emphasis while covering student behavioral jobs ( Hastings & A ; Bham, 2003 ) . There were 215 out of 2000 of questionnaires collected from 86 schools among simple, lower secondary, incorporate elementary and lower secondary schools during twelvemonth 2008 and 2009 in Finland which conducted as an Internet study. It resulted that pupil behavior was the chief beginnings caused instructors ‘ emphasis while pull offing job of pupil behavior and besides resulted 67.4 % of instructors had been subjected to strong-arming by pupils ( Kauppi & A ; Porhola , 2012 ) .2.2.4 Professional acknowledgmentProfessional acknowledgment is related to the grasp and sense of credence get from their decision makers or others. Professional acknowledgment demand elements such as unequal wages, deficiency of support from decision maker, hapless calling construction and deficiency of acknowledgment for good instruction can take work emphasis to instructors. Segumpan and Bahari ( 2006 ) carried out a research to place the degree of emphasis experienced by respondents in footings of professional acknowledgment. A 5-point Likert graduated table questionnaires study was sent to 1209 secondary school instructors. It found out that instructors would confront moderate degree of emphasis when there is deficiency of professional acknowledgment. Caroline Ayoti and Moses Wesang'ula Poipoi ( 2011 ) conducted a research to find whether deficient wages would take emphasis to instructors. Descriptive study was used in their research where 496 instructors of public secondary school are selected. The information was analyzed and shown that 45 % of the respondents cited professional acknowledgment to be a stressor. Azizi, Shahrin, and Tee ( 2007 ) conducted a research to place the acknowledgment stressor that contributed to teacher emphasis and the instructor emphasis degree for acknowledgment factor. The present survey indicates that deficiency of acknowledgment for instructors ‘ work from decision maker. A questionnaire methodological analysis is used in the research where 20 proficient instructors are selected. They concluded that acknowledgment factor contributed a moderate emphasis among proficient instructors.2.2.5 Poor Classroom resourcesClassroom, computing machine, overhead projector and package are the indispensable resources for instructors to learn in category. Kyriacou ( 1998 ) found that deficiency of resource could take emphasis among instructors. Harmonizing to Siti ( 1991 ) , the deficiency of learning equipment and the larger figure of pupils in one schoolroom would take emphasis to instructors. Caroline Ayoti and Moses Wesang'ula Poipoi ( 2011 ) conducted a research to find whether deficient equipment, tools, or installations would take emphasis to instructors. Descriptive study was used where 496 instructors of public secondary school are selected. The information was analyzed and shown that 13 % of respondents attributed substandard installations to be a stressor. Substandard equipments are cited as it leads emphasis to instructors who are traveling to execute with deficient inputs. Antoniou, Polychroni, & A ; Walters ( 2000 ) carried out a research to place the beginning of emphasis. A questionnaire methodological analysis is used where 110 Greek Special Educational Needs instructors are selected. Analysis showed that the important deficiency of resources and equipment would take to chair emphasis. Another research done by Alay, S. and Kocak, S. ( 1999 ) on simple school in Ankara to find whether deficiency of educational equipment would make emphasis. A 5-point Likert graduated table study questionnaires was sent to 29 physical pedagogues. It concluded that deficiency of educational equipment would make a serious emphasis on physical pedagogues.2.2.6 Poor co-worker dealingssSelye ( 1974 ) suggested that â€Å" larning to populate with other people is one of the most nerve-racking facets of life. † ( cited from Manshor et al. , 2003 ) . Harmonizing to Sutherland and Cooper ( 1990, p.46 ) , hapless work dealingss are defined as low trust, low degrees of supportiveness and low involvement in listening to cover with job in the organisation. Figen Eres and Tatjana Atanasoska ( 2011 ) conducted a research to find whether hapless co-worker dealingss have contributed to the degree of emphasis among instructors. A 5-points Likert graduated table study questionnaire was distributed to 700 primary educational instructors employed in Prilep, Macedonia and Ankara, Turkey. There were 629 questionnaires are being collected and found that the emphasis of Turkish participants and Macedonian participants related to hapless co-worker dealingss was moderate degree. Azizi Hj. Yahaya, Nik Diana Hartika binti Nik Husain ( 2002 ) carried a information study which used to analyze the degree of emphasis degree based on interpersonal relationship facet. Questionnaires were sent to 400 secondary school instructors from Melaka, Johor, Negeri Sembilan and Selangor. It resulted that there were 73 % of respondent laid at medium emphasis degree and 27 % of respondent prevarications at high emphasis degree on interpersonal relationship facet. Another research done by Azizi, Shahrin, and Tee ( 2007 ) was to place degree of emphasis due to hapless interpersonal relationship. A 5-points Likert graduated table study questionnaire was distributed to 20 proficient instructors. They besides concluded that interpersonal relationship would take moderate degree of emphasis to instructors.2.3 Theoretical ModelTeachers ‘ Workload Poor Colleague Relations Poor Classroom Resources Student Behaviour Professional Recognition Stress Figure 1: Teachers stress theoretical account ( Beginning: Adapted from Boyle, J.G. , Borg, M.G. , Falzon, J. M. , & A ; Baglioni, A. J. , 1995 )2.4 HypothesissHypothesissIn order to reply the research inquiries, the undermentioned hypotheses were formulated. H1: There is a positive relationship between work load and instructors stress H2: There is a positive relationship between pupil behavior and instructors stress H3: There is a positive relationship between professional acknowledgment and instructors stress H4: There is a positive relationship between hapless schoolroom resources and instructors stress H5: There is a positive relationship between hapless co-worker dealingss and instructors stressChapter 3RESEARCH METHODOLOGY3.1 Research DesignThis survey is quantitative research since this research is the application of informations aggregation method and statistical analysis that the informations are presented in numerical signifier ( Peter Ashley & A ; Bill Boyd, 2006 ) . The intent of this survey is to place the determiners of emphasis among school instructors, therefore it can be classified as descriptive survey. Harmonizing to Martin Terre Blanche et Al. ( 2008 ) , descriptive survey allows research workers to depict the features of relevant group and analyze the interrelatedness between independent variables and dependent variable. In this survey, a study will be used as it can obtain information from and about people. It can be a fast and cheap attack to roll up a big sum of informations from population ( Arlene, 2003 ) . Besides, this survey will be a cross-sectional survey, which is an observation of a phemomena that are made at one point in clip ( Denise F. Polit, Cheryl T. Beck, 2007 ) . Cross-sectional survey is chosen to depict whether emphasis factors are correlated with instructors ‘ emphasis. Furthermore, informations aggregation method used in this survey is self-administered questionnaires which consist of inquiries that single respondents completed by themselves and will be distributed to primary and secondary school instructors. This method is used because it is convenient for respondents to finish the study at a clip and topographic point ( Bernard, 2011 ) . Furthermore, bringing and aggregation questionnaires are more suited to utilize in this survey, since the questionnaires will be delivered to each respondent by manus and collected back subsequently after completion ( David, 2009 ) .3.2 Population and Sampling Procedures3.2.1 PopulationThe population of this survey is school instructors in Kuala Lumpur, Perak, and Johor. These three provinces have been classified as nerve-racking country among school instructors because they have to pass 74 hours per hebdomad to execute their occupations, including course of study activities ( Nurul Izzah Abdul Samad, Zailina Has him, Saidi Moin, Haslinda Abdullah, 2010 ) .3.2.2 Sampling TechniquesDue to a immense sum of school instructors in Kuala Lumpur, Perak, and Johor, it is impossible to entree the population of those school instructors. Therefore, trying is the lone option ( Black, 2007 ) . Besides, the clip, cost, and attempt of roll uping informations from a sample are normally less than roll uping informations from a big sum of population ( Mark Saunders, Philip Lewis, Adrian Thornhill, 2009 ) . Therefore, primary and secondary school instructors in these three provinces are chosen as sample. Non-probability sampling will be applied in this survey. Non-probability sampling is the sampling technique that the chance of choice of each sampling is unknown. This technique is utile and convenient for the research without trying frame ( Miller P.G. , Strang J. , Miller P. M. , 2010 ) . Furthermore, convenience sampling will be used in this survey because the mark respondents are easy to acquire and they are willing to make full up the study questionnaire. Convenience trying involves choosing samples that are handily available to take part in the survey ( Zikmund, W. G. & A ; Babin B. J. , 2009 ) .3.2.3 Sampling ProceduresIn this survey, 240 study questionnaires will be distributed to primary and secondary school instructors. Harmonizing to Hair, Black, Anderson, and Tatham ( 2006 ) , an acceptable sample size should hold a 1:10 ratio. There have 24 points to be measured in this survey, therefore 240 study questionnaires will be plenty. In add-on, 20 study questionnaires will be distributed for pilot trial to look into apprehension of questionnaire significances ( Norman M. Bradburn, Seymour Sudman, Brian Wansink, 2004 ) .3.3 Data Collection MethodPrimary informations aggregation method will be adopted in this research. Primary informations refer to the information obtained firsthand on the variables of involvement for the intent of survey. Besides, the informations aggregation instrument used a self-administered questionnaire. A five-point Likert graduated table is used in this research. A sum of 240 questionnaires study will be distributed to teacher at the targeted primary and secondary schools in Malaysia. The questionnaires will personally present to respondents by visit every targeted school and roll up back after completion. Each targeted provinces will choose 2 primary and 2 secondary schools. 220 figure of study response would be collected from the targeted respondents.3.4 Variables and MeasurementStress can be defined as the consequence of the emp loyee ‘s tenseness due to the force per unit area to carry through the occupation assignments and respond to the deadlines ( Anwar Faiz, 2011 ) . Workload is defined as the demand that one must make more of hard undertaking so the clip allows. The undertaking can be categorized into quantitative work load and qualitative work load ( SitiHajar, 2010 ) . Student behaviour is the status where people behave severely, holding bad manners or even decline to co-operate with the instructor such by doing noise during category or even when covering with pupils those who are holding disciplinary jobs ( Siti Hajar, 2010 ) . While professional acknowledgment is the professional demands such as equal wage or income, demands for professional position, needs to be involved in the determination devising and the demand for support from the top direction or even disposal ( Siti Hajar, 2010 ) . On the other manus, hapless schoolroom resource can be defined as the restraints in the educational installations such as book, computing machine or the resource room used by the instructors or pupils to supply information ( Siti Hajar, 2010 ) . Poor co-worker relation is defined as the hapless interaction between two people on one to one footing or in a little group ‘s communicating ( Siti Hajar, 2010 ) . Appendix B shows the variables and measurings of this survey. Items in this survey were adapted from past surveies conducted by Anwar Faiz ( 2011 ) and SitiHajar ( 2010 ) . Each of the inquiries of independent variables and dependent variable in the questionnaire requires the respondents to reply how strongly they agreed or differ with the statement by utilizing the five-point Likert graduated table, whereby 1 = strongly disagree and 5 = strongly agree.3.5 Data Analysis Method3.5.1 Statistical Analysis System ( SAS )Statistical Analysis System ( SAS ) enables to execute statistical and mathematical analysis such as analyze the information which collected from questionnaires will bring forth in standard divergence, frequences and discrepancies. In utilizing SAS, consequences can be transporting out by frequences, multiple additive arrested development analysis, Pearson ‘s correlativity and others which determined the relationship between dependent variables and independent varia bles. The grounds choose SAS is because it is convenience and clip salvaging when treating informations. Besides, the information generated by SAS will presented in the signifier of tabular array or chart to supply users easy to understand.3.5.2 Descriptive StatisticssDescriptive statistics transform natural informations into describe signifier of information that make users easy to understand and construe the population ( Zikmund, W.G. , 2003 ) . Descriptive statistics included the maps such as frequence distributions, steps of mean, average and manner, graphs design like pie charts and saloon charts and others.3.5.3 Inferential statisticsInferential statistics is usage for observations and analyzes in doing premises or anticipations about a population and generalise to larger population that the sample represented ( Sherri, 2011 ) . Trials of significance are needed to be transporting out to look into the issue and truth of generalisation such as Chi-square or t-test. Inferential statistic determined the relationship between the variables selected in the population studied.3.5.3.1 Pearson ‘s Correlation AnalysisThe Pearson ‘s correlativity analysis is being applied to look into way and strength of the relationship between two variables which the correlativity between dependent variables and one independent variable ( Deborah, 2007 ) . It besides helps to look into the degree of correlativity between dependent variable and independent variables individually. There have two premises to be carry throughing which are the variables are needed to be usually distributed and the tonss on variables for one instance are independent of tonss on the variables for other instances.3.5.3.2 Multiple Linear Regression AnalysisMultiple additive arrested development analysis is able to entree the relationship between a dependent variable and two or more independent variables ( Black, 2007 ) . Besides, it enables to find whether there is important relationship betwe en dependant variable which is instructor ‘s emphasis and the independent variables which included work load, pupil behaviour, professional acknowledgment, hapless schoolroom resources and hapless co-worker dealingss. The multiple additive arrested development analysis for this research: Stress = a + b1TW + b2SB + b3PR + b4PCR + b5PCoR Where, TW = Teachers ‘ Workload SB = Students Behaviour PR = Professional Recognition PCR = Poor Classroom Resources PCoR = Poor Colleague Relation

The Evolution and Potential Eradication of Cyber-crime in the Nigerian Banking Industry, using GTB as a case study.

Background to Project Over the years, the use of information communication technology has had a dramatic impact on almost all areas of human operation including, in particular, the banking and finance sector. To a certain extent, ICT can be seen to have simplified many of the business processes; however, it has also created a new breed of criminal activity, many aspects of which are aimed at the banking sector, for example, credit card fraud, identity theft and ATM fraud, as well as other related information technology issues (Singhal & Padhmanabhan, (2008). The proliferation of e-banking has offered opportunities in countries such as Nigeria to become much more global in its operation and yet it has also opened up the jurisdiction to a broad range of cyber-crimes, which will be the focus of the analysis in this research. E-banking is not limited to the more developed countries and, arguably, can be seen to transcend many of the jurisdictional borders, with countries which are developing, such as Nigeria, being able to trade internationally in a way that was not possible, previously. However, this opportunity also presents challenges, particularly when it comes to establishing systems that will prevent or limit cyber-crime. Problem Specification E-banking in Nigeria is still largely seen to be in its infancy, with the majority of banks using information technology as a means of providing information, rather than creating an interactive banking arrangement (Howard et al 2008). To a certain extent, it could be argued that this relatively low level of take-up for e-banking in Nigeria may be attributed to the insecurity and the failure of the technology to keep pace with the needs of the public, if they are to fully engage with internet banking and all its ramifications (Chiemeke, Evwiekpaefe, & Chete, 2006). Crime and corruption within the banking sectors have created a particular concern for businesses across Nigeria, which indicates that dealing with the area of cyber-crime is critically important and needs to be tackled, if Nigeria is to be able to develop as a strong international economic jurisdiction capable of attracting investment and stability. Research Aims and Objectives The overall aim of this research is to look at the evolution of cyber-crime in Nigeria and to explore ways in which it can potentially be managed, or even eradicated. In order to achieve this over-riding aim, several smaller research objectives have been identified. Firstly, it is necessary to gain an historical understanding of the Nigerian banking industry and to ascertain the ways in which the industry has operated, prior to the use of information technology, and how information technology has impacted upon the banking sector, to date. Secondly, an analysis of the current cyber-crime control processes will be undertaken, looking at a range of different banks and how they look towards managing and controlling cyber-crime (Computer Crime Research Center 2009). The research will then move on to compare banks in other regions, such as the United Kingdom and the United States, with a view to establishing whether there are additional ways in which cyber-crime could be managed more efficiently, by looking at the various different means whereby cyber-crime is managed in these other jurisdictions. The findings can then be looked at in the context of the problems being faced in Nigeria, and potential options explored. A specific case study of GTB will be used, in order to explore the issues raised above, before ultimately suggesting how the Nigerian banking sector can improve its position and reduce the level of cyber-crime, to such an extent that it is likely to improve the stability and trust within the banking sector. GTB in particular has been the subject of much discussion due to several high profile fraudulent activities that have raised the issue of managing cybercrime in Nigeria (Shittu, 2010). Offering this guidance is a critical element of the research as it will offer guidance on how to manage the difficulties being raised by the Nigerian banking industry. Research Methodology The research approach will be inductive in nature in that it will look at a wide variety of ideas and observations with the view to ultimately establishing a theory and a framework that can be relied upon to develop the future of the Nigerian banking industry. In order to achieve this, both quantitative and qualitative analysis will be undertaken. However, this will primarily involve looking at the data associated with cyber-crime, in the region, as part of the secondary research and then going on to undertake a case study, to improve the understanding of where the data has originated from, and in order to bridge between the theory and practical reality of cyber-crime, in the region. Resources Resources will primarily be derived from journals and reports dealing with the area of cyber-crime, in Nigeria, although it will also be necessary to undertake primary research with the employees of the case study bank, i.e. GTB. Suggested references to be used as a starting point are listed at the end of the proposal. Constraints Potential issues may emerge when it comes to collecting accurate data, as issues related to cyber-crime rates can be commercially sensitive, thus making it harder to ensure that the data and the subsequent analysis are accurate. It is also necessary to recognise that issues relating to cyber-crime are likely to change, very rapidly, making the research quite time-specific, in terms of its value. Gaining detailed primary research by interviewing employees may also present a problem, as employees are unlikely to be prepared to speak openly, for fear of any comeback from their employer. Projected Schedule The research will take place over one academic year, which actually spans a total of nine months. It is anticipated that monitoring the case study bank will take the longest period of time and therefore this is central to the timing and is recognised as such in the chart below. M1M2M3M4M5M6M7M8M9 Background Research Literature Review Case Study Analysis and Write-up Proofread and Presentation References Adeloye LA (2008). E-banking as new frontiers for banks. Sunday Punch, September 14, P. 25. Chiemeke, S. C., Evwiekpaefe, A. and Chete, F.(2006) The Adoption of Internet Banking in Nigeria: An Empirical Investigation, Journal of Internet Banking and Commerce, Vol. 11, No.3, Computer Crime Research Center 2009. Preventive Measures for ATM frauds. http://www.crimeresearch.org/articles/preventive measures-ATMFraud, Howard, R., Thomas, R., Burstein, J., & Bradescu, R. (2008). Cyber Fraud Trends and Mitigation, 9–24. Litan, A. (2004). Phising attack victims likely targets for identity theft. Available: http://www.gartner.com/DisplayDocument?doc_cd=120804 Longe, O.B.& Chiemeke, S.C. (2008): Cybercrime and Criminality in Nigeria- What roles are internet Access Points in Playing. European Journal of Social Sciences, Volume 6 No 4 Ogunsemor AO (1992.) Banking services: The emergence and impact of electronic banking. The Nigerian Banker, January – March, 1992. Omankhanlen O. (2009). ATM fraud rises: Nigerians groan in Nigeria. Daily News, Sunday, June 21, pp.8-10. Shittu, O., Submitted, P., The, T. O., Of, F., Akintola, L., State, O. Y. O., Fulfilment, I. N. P., et al. (2010). The Impact of Electronic Banking in Nigeria Banking System (Critical Appraisal Of Unity Bank Plc ), 1–62. Singhal, D., & Padhmanabhan, V. (2008). A Study on Customer Perception Towards Internet Banking : Identifying Major Contributing Factors, 5(1), pp. 101–111.

Benefits of Playing Team Sports

Thesis OUTLINE Benefits of playing team sports: 1. Traveling 2. Working Together 3. Learning New Techniques 4. School Scholarship THE FIRST THESIS We say that playing team sports are something good for us to keep us the youth of Belize doing the positive things in life. Belize has a population of 333,200 persons and of that amount 232,700 are of under the age of 35 where at the age of 35 you are still call a youth. This represents approximately 70%. Some benefits of playing team sports are by Traveling around the world, working together as one, Learning New Techniques and to be able to get a Scholarship to go to any school of their choice.So do you think that playing team sports is good for the youths of Belize? PARAGRAPHS Paragraph one will be talking about how sports can make you travel around the world and making new friends. Paragraph two is talking about the youths working together as one to be a good sports team. Paragraph three will be telling you about how team sports can mak e you learn new techniques. Paragraph four tells you about getting a school scholarship to go to any school of our choice. REWRITE ThesisBelize has a population of 333,200 persons and of that amount 232,700 are under the age of 35 where at the age of 35 you are still call a youth. This represents approximately 70%. We say that playing team sports are something good for us to keep us the youth of Belize doing the positive things in life. Some benefits of playing team sports are by Traveling around the world, working together as one, Learning New Techniques and to be able to get a Scholarship to go to any school of their choice. So do you think that playing team sports is good for the youths of Belize? OLD THESISWe say that playing team sports are something good for us to keep us the youth of Belize doing the positive things in life. Belize has a population of 333,200 persons and of that amount 232,700 are of under the age of 35 where at the age of 35 you are still call a youth. This represents approximately 70%. Some benefits of playing team sports are by Traveling around the world, working together as one, Learning New Techniques and to be able to get a Scholarship to go to any school of their choice. So do you think that playing team sports is good for the youths of Belize?

Qualitative Interview on Traits of a Healthy Marriage

Chronister recalled knowing Mr. Rob was â€Å"the one† that night, and Mr. Rob admitted to feeling â€Å"inadequate†¦ ‘ didn't think I had a shot in hell with her. † He decided to pursue her anyway, and said they were inseparable from that night forward. After dating for six months, the couple moved in together and cohabitated for the next 12 years. During that time, they both pursued degrees, Mr. Rob in criminal law and Mrs. Chronister in Biology. Once Mrs. Chronister completed her degree in the summer of 1995, the couple decided to wed. ecause of how their bills nd property were titled, they decided that Mrs. Chronister would not take Mr. Rob's name after marriage. The couple has no children but consider their two dogs, Buster and Baxter, their children. Mr. Rob is an attorney, and Mrs. Chronister is a substance abuse counselor. When asked to identify the greatest strengths in their marriage, strength. Both feel they can go to each other with any issue, and said they have a high level of mutual respect for one another. When asked to describe conflict resolution within their marriage, Mrs.Chronister reported that while they are both strong-willed and highly opinionated individuals, they respect each other's opinions and points of view and strive to find a common ground. Mr. Rob said it's all about â€Å"negotiating. † When asked what role spirituality and faith played in the success of their marriage, Mrs. Chronister said while she is very spiritual, Mr. Rob is much more religious and attends church alone. Mrs. Chronister added that they both hold Christian values and believe you should be kind to everyone no matter what their past is.They agreed that they both strive to be good people and help others when they are in need. When asked to describe the nature of their relationship with their in-laws, they both reported that neither set of in-laws agreed with their cohabitation and that it caused tension on both sides. The couple s aid once their parents realized that they were being responsible, working adults and getting educations, they â€Å"eased up† and accepted their relationship. Mrs. Chronister said she is very close to Mr. Rob's father and was close with his mother before she passed away.Mr. Rob reported feeling close to Mrs. Chronister's parents as well. Concerning roles in the marriage and the challenges associated with those, the couple described Mr. Rob as the breadwinner but much more irresponsible with handling money. Mrs. Chronister handles all finances and pays the bills. Neither of them felt their roles created challenges; Mrs. Chronister said if something comes up where they have a major bill or a vacation to save for, Mr. Rob will give her the money to save and that he doesn't do anything irresponsible with their money.When asked about one of the biggest challenges they went through as a couple, they agreed it was Mrs. Chronister's prior addiction to methamphetamine. She reported be ing sober for 7 years and 5 months as of October 20th, 2013, but said she spiraled out of control during her active drug use. Mrs. Chronister was arrested for distributing and manufacturing methamphetamine, and served 2 h years in prison for the charges. Mr. Rob recalled Mrs. Chronister â€Å"disappearing for days weeks at a time, pawning our things†¦ she Just had no control and I felt so lost.I had no idea where my wife had gone. † Mrs. Chronister said Mr. Rob â€Å"ran around trying to save me, but he couldn't. It took me wanting to change and save myself. † She said he stood by her side through all of it, and visited her every opportunity he had while she was in prison. When asked to discuss their philosophy on marriage and what they considered to be the most important parts, Mrs. Chronister said friendship was the most important part. Mr. Rob agreed, and added that finding a common ground and compromising with each other was equally important.

Reflection essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words - 1

Reflection - Essay Example Those left have to learn to survive, and find the reason for their existence, or at least hope that fate will lead them to finding that reason. Fate just like love is an avalanche that hits when least expected, hurtling down at you, leaving you without an alternative, but to oblige to it. First, â€Å"Your Fate Hurtles Down at You† reflects more of the life that is comparable to the sting of cold in an icy setting. The setting of the story may not just have been a chance choice for the author to develop what he wanted to communicate to his readers, but must have been carefully considered to emphasize on his points. Davos is a place, perfect for research about ice and snow because of its geographical composition. Although some occurrences within the story took place in different localities, the settings are similar in that, they are prone to avalanches. This circumstance is what the author uses to emphasize the title of the story, used as a metaphor. Like an avalanche that falls anytime without warning, fate hurtles down inevitably on people, whether they like it or not. Moreover, the narration of the death of the storyteller’s twin brother, Willi, is a strong demonstration of how fate hurtles down on a person. He did not like to die, he was young, and in love with Ruth who was pregnant with their child. Nevertheless, he was destined to die young and as his death came suddenly and unexpectedly, this event and the cause of death portray the suddenness of how fate could hit an individual. On the other hand, the fate of Willi’s brother is to love the same woman Willi adored, Ruth. Despite the fact that Ruth showed interest on Willi more than his twin brother, the other did not stop loving her. This is Eckel’s fate, to love the woman who only loves his brother, and is not ready to love him even after his brother’s demise. This fate could be

The Problem of Homelessness Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

The Problem of Homelessness - Research Paper Example In the first article above, The National Healthcare for Homeless Clinician’s Network reckons that substance abuse is a major contributor to homelessness among individuals, with over half of the homeless individuals and 70% of the homeless veterans estimated to be drug addicts. The article asserts that combating drug addictions is an effective way of ending chronic homelessness. In the second article listed above, the Portland Rescue Mission notes addiction as the number one cause of homelessness globally (with 68% of cities in the United States alone reporting addiction as the cause of homelessness). The other nine causes included are domestic violence, mental illness, job loss and underemployment, foreclosure, post-traumatic stress, throw away teens, relational brokenness, and grief and finally despair. In the last article, Eugene Didenko and Nicole Pankratz observe that a plethora of researches and surveys indicate that homeless people have much higher rates of substance use than the general population. In my attempts to put in place a presentation on the benefits of sports for my PSY180 class, I saw it wise to additionally argue against some of the major oppositions to my point of view. The internet provided a suitable source of such information on opposing views. In my attempts to put in place a presentation on the benefits of sports for my PSY180 class, I saw it wise to additionally argue against some of the major oppositions to my point of view. The internet provided a suitable source of such information on opposing views, with Google being my preferred search engine. In addition to the reasons already stated in scenario 2 above, I always opt for Google for its relative convenience, easy use, minimal technical difficulties, issues and problems, the credibility of sources therein and reliability hence. In addition, to further ensure the credibility and reliability of my selected sources, I am keen to note which authors, groups of authors and institutions are behind a given select ed piece.